Portrait of Nicolò Pagan

Nicolò Pagan, Ph.D. ETH

Senior Research Scientist
Social Computing Group, Department of Informatics, University of Zurich

I evaluate and audit AI systems that make consequential decisions, from who gets hired to what we see on social media.

My work sits at the intersection of Responsible AI and AI safety: measuring how large language models and multi-agent systems behave, where they fail and whom they disadvantage, and designing evaluations that make them fairer and more reliable.

PNAS · Nat. Comm. incl. a Top-50 most-read Physics article
CHF 662k competitive SNSF funding as Principal Investigator
Team gold medal 2024 Kaggle ARC Prize in abstract reasoning & AGI
4 PhD · 20+ MSc students supervised across several projects

About

I am an AI Research Scientist with a decade of experience in AI research and three years in production software engineering. My background is mathematical (game theory, dynamical systems and multi-agent strategic interaction), and I apply it to auditing economically consequential LLM decisions, from labor markets to social-media recommender systems.

I developed inverse-optimization frameworks for inferring agents' preferences, established the first formal taxonomy of feedback loops and biases in ML systems, and designed scalable LLM evaluation and auditing frameworks, fine-tuning workflows and RAG architectures across models and platforms. I was also part of the team that won a gold medal in the 2024 Kaggle ARC Challenge, one of AI's hardest benchmarks for abstract reasoning and few-shot generalization.

  • AI Evaluation
  • Automated Decision-Making
  • Multi-Agent Systems
  • Algorithmic Fidelity
  • Algorithmic Fairness
  • Recommender Systems
  • Responsible AI

Published inPNAS · Nature Communications · Scientific Reports · npj Climate Action · COLM · EMNLP · ACM RecSys · ACM EAAMO · IEEE CDC · L4DC · ECAF

Research areas

LLM decision-making evaluation

Evaluation frameworks for multi-agent LLM systems deployed in labor-market and social-media recommender pipelines.

See papers

Algorithmic fidelity

Can LLMs stand in for people? Benchmarks that tell human from AI-generated social-media content at scale.

See papers

Responsible AI & fairness

Formalizing bias risks and feedback loops in AI-assisted decision-making and recommendation.

See papers

Networks, games & control

Game-theoretic and control-theoretic models of strategic behaviour on social networks.

See papers

Research

Selected publications

Interactive

The rise of social media influencers

A live version of the meritocratic network formation model (Nature Communications, 2021). Each user discovers one creator per step and follows them only if they are better than everyone they already follow. Nothing else, and yet a few creators end up with almost all the followers: the expected number of followers of the i-th best creator converges to Zipf's law, N/i.

Step
0
Follow links
Found the best creator
0%
Network: better creators sit closer to the centre; size shows followers.
followers of each creator Zipf's law, N/i

Talks

Talks and slides

Posters

Conference posters

Publications

All papers

Full and up-to-date list on Google Scholar.

Experience

    Get in touch

    For collaborations, talk invitations or questions about my work.

    nicolo.pagan@uzh.ch

    University of Zürich, Social Computing Group, Binzmühlestrasse 11, 8050 Zürich